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DEFINITION AND NOMENCLATURE A Stirling engine is a mechanical device which operates on a closed regenerative thermodynamic cycle with cyclic compression and expansion of the working fluid at different temperature levels. The flow of working fluid is controlled only by the internal volume changes, there are no valves and, overall, there is a net conversion of heat to work or vice-versa. This generalized definition embraces a large family of machines with different functions; characteristics and configurations. It includes both rotary and reciprocating systems utilizing mechanisms of varying complexity. It covers machines capable of operating as a prime mover or power system converting heat supplied at high tempera ture to output work and waste heat at a lower temperature. It also covers work-consuming machines used as refrigerating systems and heat pumps abstracting heat from a low temperature source and delivering this plus the heat equivalent of the work consumed to a higher tem perature. Finally it covers work-consuming devices used as pressure generators compressing a fluid from a low pressure to a higher pres sure. Very similar machines exist which operate on an open regen erative cycle where the flow of working fluid is controlled by valves. For convenience these may be called Ericsson engines but unfortunate ly the distinction is not widely established and regenerative machines of both types are frequently called 'Stirling engines'.

Upon a synthesis of the technology of Combustion in Piston Engines, its past, present and future, the book provides a recipe for its advancement. Engines of the future are visualized as featuring distributed combustion (vid. photograph on the front cover) executed by means of PJI&I (Pulse Jet Injection and Ignition) actuators, modulated by MECC (Micro-Electronically Controlled Combustion) systems in response to signals provided by pressure sensors. To assist in the development of such engines, the book provides the method of pressure diagnostics an analytical technique for interpreting the signal provided by a pressure sensor to assess the effectiveness with which fuel is utilized in an engine cylinder, and to monitor the operation of MECC in optimizing the performance of a PJI&I system. It is on this basis that a demonstration is produced of a representative car engine, for which, by the use of these systems, the formation of pollutants can be reduced by orders of magnitude, while the consumption of fuel is halved.

Whether used in irrigation, cooling nuclear reactors, pumping wastewater, or any number of other uses, the liquid piston engine is a much more efficient, effective, and "greener" choice than many other choices available to industry. Especially if being

The development of aviation engines in Germany was revolutionary during closing stages of the Second World War. In 1945, the Daimler Benz, Jumo and BMW engines in service, equipped with power boosting systems, generated 2,000 hp. There were prototypes that could generate 3,000 hp and BMW/Argus projects could reach 4,000 hp. To benefit from their extreme performances, Blohm und Voss, Daimler Benz, Dornier, Focke Wulf, Heinkel, Henschel, Messerschmitt and Skoda designed an impressive series of fighters that never left the drawing board. The reason was the decision taken by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe to mass manufacture the iconic and revolutionary Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. This lost generation of projects were quickly forgotten and after years of research have been recovered and presented in The Ultimate Piston Fighters of the Luftwaffe. Profusely illustrated with technical drawings and fascinating data and information on the Luftwaffe's most radical fighter projects, The Ultimate Piston Fighters of the Luftwaffe chronicles these revolutionary designs that might have changed the course of the war.A fascinating book for the military historian, modellers and those interested in aviation, this shows how advanced German scientists were towards the end of the Second World War and how the beloved Spitfire and Mustang would have been instantly superseded by radical Nazi fighters.